In Transformer, Lane indulges in a great many of the banes of popular science writing (derived, one feels certain, from pandering to slab-faced phone-scrollers in lecture halls), including the creaky dad-slang that has stuff like “the dark side,” “the flux capacitor,” and “fake news” cropping up throughout the book. He’s devoted this entire book to explaining an incredibly complex chemical cycle to a general reading public that’s more scientifically illiterate than any in over a century (in 2022, roughly 83 million Americans think the sun revolves around the Earth) if he doesn’t want the whole of Transformer to read like this: “The enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of isocitrate into a-ketoglutarate is known as isocitrate dehydrogenase,” he’s going to have to do plenty of this kind of elemental generalizing: “To understand this cycle of energy and matter is to resolve the deep chemical coherence of the living world, connecting the origin of life with the devastation of cancer, the first photosynthetic bacteria with our own mitochondria, the abrupt evolutionary leap to animals with sulfurous sludge, the big history of our planet with the trivial differences between ourselves, perhaps even the stream of consciousness.” This touches on some elemental concepts, and Lane is fine with that. To write about the Krebs cycle at all is necessarily to oversimplify it, but it’s fair to say this process is what separates being alive from being dead. Transformer, the latest book from biochemist and professor of evolutionary biochemistry Nick Lane, is at heart about something called the Krebs cycle, which is informally named after biochemist Sir Hans Krebs and describes the chemical processes at the heart of both anaerobic and aerobic respiration. Transformer: The Deep Chemistry of Life and Death

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